【(完整版)英语被动语态专题(练习题含答案)含答案】在英语语法中，被动语态是一种非常重要的句型结构，尤其在正式写作和学术表达中使用广泛。掌握被动语态的构成与用法，有助于提高语言表达的准确性和多样性。
一、什么是被动语态？
被动语态是指句子的主语是动作的承受者，而不是执行者。其基本结构为：be + 过去分词。例如：
- The book was written by a famous author.
（这本书是由一位著名作家写的。）
在这个句子中，“the book”是动作“write”的承受者，而“a famous author”是动作的执行者。
二、被动语态的常见时态
被动语态可以根据不同的时态进行变化，以下是几种常见的时态形式：
1. 一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词
- The cake is baked every day.
2. 一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词
- The house was built in 1980.
3. 一般将来时：will be + 过去分词
- The report will be submitted tomorrow.
4. 现在完成时：have/has been + 过去分词
- The problem has been solved.
5. 过去完成时：had been + 过去分词
- The meeting had been canceled before I arrived.
6. 将来完成时：will have been + 过去分词
- By next year, the project will have been completed.
三、被动语态的使用场景
1. 当强调动作的承受者而非执行者时。
- The new policy was announced yesterday.（重点在于政策被宣布，而不是谁宣布的。）
2. 当不知道或不重要是谁执行动作时。
- The car was stolen last night.（不清楚是谁偷的。）
3. 在科技、新闻、学术等正式文体中较为常见。
- The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions.
四、练习题（附答案）
1. The letter ______ (send) to the wrong address.
Answer: was sent
2. This kind of plant ______ (grow) in warm climates.
Answer: is grown
3. The movie ______ (direct) by a young director.
Answer: was directed
4. The building ______ (construct) now.
Answer: is being constructed
5. The document ______ (print) by the end of the week.
Answer: will have been printed
6. The cake ______ (make) by my mother.
Answer: was made
7. The results ______ (announce) at the conference.
Answer: will be announced
8. These books ______ (read) by many students.
Answer: are read
9. The proposal ______ (consider) by the committee.
Answer: is being considered
10. The work ______ (complete) by the team.
Answer: has been completed
五、小结
掌握被动语态不仅有助于理解复杂的英文句子，还能让我们的表达更加自然、得体。通过不断的练习和积累，大家一定能够在实际应用中灵活运用这一语法点。
希望这份资料能对你的英语学习有所帮助！
