【英语定语从句语法知识】在英语学习过程中,定语从句是一个非常重要的语法知识点。它不仅能够丰富句子的表达方式,还能使语言更加准确和自然。掌握定语从句的用法,对于提高英语写作和口语能力有着极大的帮助。
定语从句是指在句子中充当定语成分的从句,用来修饰名词或代词。它通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,这些词在从句中担任一定的语法角色,如主语、宾语、状语等。常见的关系代词有:who, whom, whose, which, that;而关系副词则包括:when, where, why 等。
例如:
- The man who is standing there is my teacher.
(站在那里的那个人是我的老师。)
在这个句子中,“who is standing there”就是一个定语从句,修饰先行词“the man”。
再比如:
- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。)
这里的“that I bought yesterday”同样是定语从句,修饰“the book”。
在使用定语从句时,需要注意以下几点:
1. 关系代词的选择:根据先行词是人还是物,选择合适的关系代词。如果是人,常用 who 或 whom;如果是物,则用 which 或 that。当关系代词在从句中作宾语时,有时可以省略。
- The girl who is talking to Mary is my sister.
- The book (that) I read last night was fascinating.
2. 关系副词的使用:关系副词 when, where, why 用于表示时间、地点和原因,它们在从句中作状语。
- I still remember the day when we met for the first time.
- This is the house where I grew up.
3. 限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别:限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用,不能省略;而非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明,通常用逗号隔开。
- The student who failed the exam has to retake it.
- My brother, who lives in Beijing, is coming to visit me.
4. 避免常见错误:如误用关系代词、遗漏引导词或误用关系副词等。例如:
- 错误:This is the car which I bought last week.(应为:This is the car that I bought last week)
- 正确:This is the car that I bought last week.
总之,定语从句是英语语法中的重要内容,掌握其结构和用法,有助于提升语言表达的准确性和多样性。通过不断练习和积累,相信你一定能在实际运用中更加自如地使用定语从句。


