【which在定语从句中的用法】在英语语法中,“which”是一个非常常见的关系代词,常用于引导定语从句。它通常用来修饰前面的名词或整个句子,起到连接主句和从句的作用。与“that”不同,“which”多用于非限制性定语从句,但也可以出现在限制性定语从句中。
一、基本用法总结
用法类型 | 使用场景 | 举例 | 说明 |
1. 引导限制性定语从句 | 修饰前面的名词,不可省略 | The book which is on the table is mine. | “which”指代“the book”,不能省略,否则句子不完整。 |
2. 引导非限制性定语从句 | 补充说明前面的整个句子或名词,可省略 | The book, which is on the table, is mine. | “which”指代“the book”,可以省略,不影响句子基本意思。 |
3. 指代整个句子 | 代替前面提到的内容 | He passed the exam, which surprised everyone. | “which”指代“he passed the exam”这件事。 |
二、具体使用规则
1. 在限制性定语从句中,可以用“which”或“that”,但“that”更常见于口语和正式写作中。
- 正确:The car which is red is mine.
- 正确:The car that is red is mine.
2. 在非限制性定语从句中,只能用“which”,不能用“that”。
- 正确:My sister, which lives in Beijing, is a doctor.
- 错误:My sister, that lives in Beijing, is a doctor.
3. “which”可以指代整个句子,表示对前文内容的补充说明。
- 正确:She got a job, which made her very happy.
4. 在介词后使用时,“which”不能被省略。
- 正确:This is the house in which I was born.
- 错误:This is the house in I was born.
三、常见错误对比
正确例句 | 错误例句 | 原因 |
The book, which is old, is valuable. | The book, that is old, is valuable. | 非限制性从句不能用“that”。 |
This is the reason why he left. | This is the reason which he left. | “why”是关系副词,不能用“which”替代。 |
The problem which we discussed is important. | The problem that we discussed is important. | 两者都正确,但“that”更常用。 |
四、总结
“which”在定语从句中的使用相对灵活,既可以引导限制性从句,也可以引导非限制性从句,尤其在非限制性从句中不可替代。理解其与“that”的区别、指代对象以及在介词后的使用方式,有助于提高英语表达的准确性和自然度。
通过不断练习和积累,掌握“which”的正确用法将大大提升你的英语写作和阅读能力。
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